Function template

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C++
 
C + +語言
大會的主題
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General topics
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流量控制
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Flow control
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條件執行語句
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Conditional execution statements
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迭代語句
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Iteration statements
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跳轉語句
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Jump statements
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功能
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Functions
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函數聲明
lambda函數的聲明
函數模板
的歷史。內嵌說明
異常規範 （過時了）
noexcept說明 （C++11）
例外
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Exceptions
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命名空間
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Namespaces
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類型
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Types
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decltype specifier （C++11）
規範
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Specifiers
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CV符
存儲時間說明符
constexpr說明 （C++11）
汽車符 （C++11）
alignas說明 （C++11）
初始化
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Initialization
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常
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Literals
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布爾文字
nullptr （C++11）
用戶定義的 （C++11）
表達式
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Expressions
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另一種表示形式
實用工具
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Utilities
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類型
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Types
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typedef declaration
聲明類型別名 （C++11）
屬性 （C++11）
施放
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Casts
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隱式轉換
const_cast conversion
static_cast conversion
dynamic_cast conversion
reinterpret_cast conversion
C-風格和功能轉換
內存分配
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Memory allocation
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類
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Classes
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類特定的功能特性
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Class-specific function properties
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虛函數
覆蓋說明 （C++11）
最後說明 （C++11）
明確的 （C++11）
靜態的
特殊的成員函數
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Special member functions
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模板
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Templates
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類模板
函數模板
模板特化
參數包 （C++11）
雜項
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Miscellaneous
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內聯彙編
 

目錄

[编辑] 說明

模板允許通用的功能設計，對不同類型的工作，而不需要重寫多次
Original:
Templates allow generic function design that work on various types, without the need of rewriting it multiple times
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[编辑] 語法

[编辑] 宣言

template < template_arguments > function_declaration (1)
export template < template_arguments > function_declaration (2) （至 C++11）
＃模板函數聲明引用錯誤：沒有找到與</ref>對應的<ref>標籤
Original:
{{{2}}}
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＃導出模板函數的聲明。這是非常罕見的編譯器上實現的，不應該使用的函數體可以被定義在一個單獨的文件引用錯誤：沒有找到與</ref>對應的<ref>標籤
Original:
{{{2}}}
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[编辑] 參數

class identifier (1)
typename identifier (2)
integral_type identifier (3)
class identifier = type_name (4) （C++11 起）
typename identifier = type_name (5) （C++11 起）
integral_type identifier = const_expr (6) （C++11 起）
1-2)
在函數內部identifier可以用來作為一種類型
Original:
Inside the function identifier can be used as a type
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3)
在函數內部identifier可以用來作為一個常數
Original:
Inside the function identifier can be used as a constant
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4-6)
默認參數
Original:
Default arguments
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[编辑] 專業化

本節是不完整的
原因: partial specialization
template <> ret function_name < template_args > ( func_args ) body
專業化改變了特定的模板參數的模板函數的實現
Original:
Specialization changes the implementation of the template function for specific template parameters
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[编辑] 呼叫

function_name < template_args > ( func_args ) (1)
function_name ( unambiguous_func_args ) (2)
＃顯式模板參數，如果func_args不完全匹配的類型在模板中聲明的template_args通常的鑄造會發生
Original:
# Explicit template arguments, if func_args don't match perfectly with the types as in the template declaration (with the given template_args) the usual casting will occur
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＃隱式模板參數，推導出函數的參數。可以毫不含糊
Original:
# Implicit template arguments, deduced from the function arguments. No ambiguity can be present
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本節是不完整的
原因: better explanation/example

[编辑] 為例

本節是不完整的
[edit]
template<typename T>
struct S {
    template<typename U> void foo(){}
};
 
template<typename T>
void bar()
{
    S<T>s;
    s.foo<T>(); // error: < parsed as less than operator
    s.template foo<T>(); // OK
}


[编辑] 見也

[编辑] 注釋

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来自“http://zh.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/function_template&oldid=28843”