Outline of artificial intelligence

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence:

Artificial intelligence (AI) – branch of computer science that deals with intelligent behavior, learning, and adaptation in machines. Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior.

Branches of artificial intelligence

• Symbolic
  • Good Old Fashioned AI –
• Sub-symbolic
  • Early cybernetics and brain simulation
  • Behavior based AI
    • Subsumption architecture
  • Nouvelle AI
  • Computational intelligence (CI)
    • Computational creativity –
    • Neural networks –
      • Hybrid neural network –
      • Recurrent neural network –
    • Fuzzy systems –
    • Evolutionary computation, including:
      • Evolutionary algorithms –
        • Genetic algorithm –
      • Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller
      • Swarm intelligence –
        • Ant colony optimization –
• Statistical AI

Some applications of artificial intelligence

Main article: Applications of artificial intelligence

• Artificial Creativity
• Artificial life
• Automated planning and scheduling –
• Automated reasoning
• Automation
• Automatic target recognition –
• Biologically inspired computing
• Computer Audition –
  • Speech recognition
  • Speaker recognition
• Computer vision
  • Image processing
  • Intelligent word recognition –
  • Object recognition
  • Optical mark recognition
    • Handwriting recognition
    • Optical character recognition
      • Automatic number plate recognition
  • Facial recognition systems
    • Silent speech interface
• Diagnosis (artificial intelligence)
• Expert system –
  • Decision support system –
    • Clinical decision support system
• Game artificial intelligence
  • Computer game bot
  • Video game AI
    • Computer chess
    • Computer Go
  • General Game Playing
  • Game theory
• Hybrid intelligent system
• Intelligent agent
  • Agent architecture
    • Cognitive architecture
• Intelligent control
• Knowledge management
  • Concept mining
    • Data mining
    • Text mining
  • E-mail spam filtering
  • Information extraction
    • Activity recognition
    • Image retrieval
      • Automatic image annotation
    • Named-entity extraction
      • Coreference resolution
      • Named-entity recognition
      • Relationship extraction
      • Terminology extraction
  • Knowledge representation
  • Semantic Web
• Machine learning
  • Constrained Conditional Models –
  • Neural modeling fields –
• Natural language processing
  • Chatterbots
  • Language identification
  • Natural language user interface
  • Natural language understanding –
  • Machine translation
    • Statistical semantics
  • Question answering
  • Semantic translation
• Nonlinear control
• Pattern recognition
  • Optical character recognition
  • Handwriting recognition
  • Speech recognition
  • Face recognition
• Robotics
  • Behavior-based robotics
  • Cognitive
  • Cybernetics
  • Developmental robotics
  • Epigenetic robotics
  • Evolutionary robotics
• Speech generating device
• Strategic planning
• Vehicle infrastructure integration
• Virtual Intelligence –
• Virtual reality

Philosophy of artificial intelligence

Philosophy of artificial intelligence

• Artificial brain –
• Philosophical views of artificial consciousness –
  • User illusion –
• Artificial intelligence and law –
• Chinese room –
• Cognitive science
  • Artificial consciousness
  • Embodied cognitive science
    • Embodied cognition –
• Ethics of artificial intelligence –
• Philosophy of the Mind –
  • Computational theory of mind –
  • Functionalism –
• Physical symbol system –
• Synthetic intelligence –
• Turing Test –

History of artificial intelligence

Main article: History of artificial intelligence

• Progress in artificial intelligence
• Timeline of artificial intelligence

• AI effect
• AI winter

Artificial intelligence in fiction

Main article: Artificial intelligence in fiction

• Angel F (2007) –
• The Matrix (1999)
• The Terminator (1984)

Artificial intelligence and the future

• Seed AI –
• Singularitarianism
• Strong AI –
• Technological singularity

Psychology and AI

• Artificial psychology
• AI effect
• Uncanny valley

Concepts in artificial intelligence

• Action selection –
• Affective computing –
• AI box –
• AI-complete –
• Algorithmic probability –
• Automated reasoning –
• Autonomic Computing –
• Autonomic Networking –
• Backward chaining –
• Bayesian network –
• Bio-inspired computing –
  • Artificial immune systems –
• Blackboard system –
• Chatterbot –
• Combs method –
• Commonsense reasoning –
• Computational humor –
• Computer-assisted proof –
• Conceptual dependency theory –
• Darwin machine –
• Description logic –
• Frame problem –
• Game theory –
• Grammar systems theory –
• Informatics (academic field) –
• Intelligent control –
• Kinect –
• LIDA (cognitive architecture) –
• Means-ends analysis –
• Moravec's paradox –
• Music and artificial intelligence –
• Ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator –
• PEAS – Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
• Percept (artificial intelligence) –
• Perceptual Computing –
• Rule-based system –
• Self-management (computer science) –
• Soft computing –
• Software agent –
  • Intelligent agent / Rational agent –
    • Autonomous agent –
    • Automated planning and scheduling
    • Control system
      • Hierarchical control system
      • Networked control system
    • Distributed artificial intelligence –
    • Multi-agent system –
    • Monitoring and Surveillance Agents
  • Embodied agent –
  • Situated AI
• Sussman Anomaly –
• Wetware (brain) –

AI projects

Main article: List of artificial intelligence projects

• Automated Mathematician (1977) –
• Allen (robot) (late 1980s) –
• Open Mind Common Sense (1999 - ) –
• Mindpixel (2000–2005) –
• Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes (2003–2008) –
• Watson (2011) –
  • Purpose: Open domain question answering
  • Technologies employed:
    • Natural Language Processing
    • Information Retrieval
    • Knowledge Representation
    • Automated reasoning
    • Machine Learning

Notable AI software

• OpenAIR –
• OpenCog –
• OpenIRIS –
• RapidMiner –

Competitions and awards

Main article: Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence

• Loebner Prize –

Publications

Main article: List of important publications in computer science

• Adaptive Behavior (journal) –
• AI Memo –
• Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach –
• Artificial Minds –
• Computational Intelligence –
• Computing Machinery and Intelligence –
• Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence –
• IEEE Intelligent Systems –
• IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence –
• Neural Networks (journal) –
• On Intelligence –
• Paradigms of AI Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp –
• What Computers Can't Do

Organizations

• Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute
• Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society
• Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute
• Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
• European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence
• European Neural Network Society
• ILabs
• International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence
• Knowledge Engineering and Machine Learning Group
• Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour

Companies

• Consolidated Robotics –
• Universal Robotics –

Artificial intelligence researchers and scholars

1930s and 40s (generation 0)

Alan Turing, John Von Neumann, Norbert Wiener, Claude Shannon, Nathaniel Rochester, Walter Pitts, Warren McCullough

1950s (the founders)

John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon

1960s (their students)

• Edward Feigenbaum
• Raj Reddy
• Seymour Papert
• Ray Solomonoff

1970s

• Douglas Hofstadter

1980s

Judea Pearl, Rodney Brooks

More recent scholars

Hugo de Garis

See also

• List of emerging technologies

External links

• AI at the Open Directory Project
• Artificial Intelligence Directory, a directory of Web resources related to artificial intelligence
• The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
• Freeview Video 'Machines with Minds' by the Vega Science Trust and the BBC/OU
• John McCarthy's frequently asked questions about AI
• Jonathan Edwards looks at AI (BBC audio) С
• Ray Kurzweil's website dedicated to AI including prediction of future development in AI
• Logic and Artificial Intelligence entry by Richmond Thomason in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy