5-(2-Aminopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (5-APDB , 3-Desoxy-MDA , EMA-4 ) is a putative entactogen drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes.[ 1] It is an analogue of MDA where the heterocyclic 3-position oxygen from the 3,4-methylenedioxy ring has been replaced by a methylene bridge .[ 1] 6-APDB is an analogue of 5-APDB where the 4-position oxygen has been replaced by a methylene bridge instead.[ 1] 5-APDB was developed by a team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University as part of their research into non-neurotoxic analogues of MDMA .[ 1]
In animal studies, 5-APDB's effects generalize most closely to non-stimulant MDMA analogues such as MBDB and MMAI , while producing no substitution for LSD or amphetamine .[ 1] In vitro studies show that 5-APDB acts as a highly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA), with IC50 values of 130 nM, 7,089 nM, and 3,238 nM for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin , dopamine , and norepinephrine , respectively.[ 1] In contrast, 6-APDB is more balanced on the three monoamine neurotransmitters and acts more similarly to MDA and MDMA.[ 1] Anecdotal reports from human users suggest that 5-APDB produces mild empathy but with relatively little euphoria and is accompanied by sedation .[citation needed ]
Methoxy-substituted analogues of 5-APDB and 6-APDB have also been made and substituted for DOM in animal tests, although they were around 10x less potent than DOM.[ 2] [ 3]
On June 10, 2013 5-APDB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the UK following an ACMD recommendation.[ 4] This means that sale and import of the named substances are criminal offences and are treated as for class B drugs.[ 5]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c d e f g Monte AP, Marona-Lewicka D, Cozzi NV, Nichols DE (November 1993). "Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran, indan, and tetralin analogues of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 36 (23): 3700–6. doi :10.1021/jm00075a027 . PMID 8246240 .
^ Nichols, DE; Hoffman, AJ; Oberlender, RA; Riggs, RM (1986). "Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran analogues of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane: drug discrimination studies in rats.". Journal of Medical Chemistry 29 (2): 302–4. doi :10.1021/jm00152a022 . PMID 3950910 .
^ Nichols, DE; Snyder, SE; Oberlender, R; Johnson, MP; Huang, XM (1991). "2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran analogues of hallucinogenic phenethylamines.". Journal of Medical Chemistry 34 (1): 276–81. doi :10.1021/jm00105a043 . PMID 1992127 .
^ "Temporary class drug order report on 5-6APB and NBOMe compounds" . UK Home Office. 4 Jun 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-13 .
^ "' NBOMe' and 'Benzofury' banned" . UK Home Office . 4 Jun 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-13 .
Agonists : Azapirones : Alnespirone
Binospirone
Buspirone
Enilospirone
Eptapirone
Gepirone
Ipsapirone
Perospirone
Revospirone
Tandospirone
Tiospirone
Umespirone
Zalospirone ; Antidepressants : Etoperidone
Nefazodone
Trazodone
Vortioxetine ; Antipsychotics : Aripiprazole
Asenapine
Clozapine
Quetiapine
Ziprasidone ; Ergolines : Dihydroergotamine
Bromocriptine
Ergotamine
Lisuride
Methysergide
LSD ; Tryptamines : 5-CT
5-MeO-DMT
5-MT
Bufotenin
DMT
Indorenate
Psilocin
Psilocybin ; Others : 8-OH-DPAT
Adatanserin
Bay R 1531
Befiradol
BMY-14802
Cannabidiol
Dimemebfe
Ebalzotan
Eltoprazine
F-11,461
F-12,826
F-13,714
F-14,679
F-15,063
F-15,599
Flesinoxan
Flibanserin
Lesopitron
LY-293,284
LY-301,317
MKC-242
Naluzotan
NBUMP
Osemozotan
Oxaflozane
Pardoprunox
Piclozotan
Rauwolscine
Repinotan
Roxindole
RU-24,969
S 14,506
S-14,671
S-15,535
Sarizotan
SSR-181,507
Sunepitron
U-92,016-A
Urapidil
Vilazodone
Xaliproden
Yohimbine
Antagonists : Antipsychotics : Iloperidone
Risperidone
Sertindole ; Beta blockers : Alprenolol
Cyanopindolol
Iodocyanopindolol
Oxprenolol
Pindobind
Pindolol
Propranolol
Tertatolol ; Others : AV965
BMY-7,378
CSP-2503
Dotarizine
Flopropione
GR-46611
Isamoltane
Lecozotan
Mefway
Metitepine/Methiothepin
MPPF
NAN-190
Robalzotan
S-15535
SB-649,915
SDZ 216-525
Spiperone
Spiramide
Spiroxatrine
UH-301
WAY-100,135
WAY-100,635
Xylamidine
Agonists : Lysergamides : Dihydroergotamine
Methysergide ; Triptans : Almotriptan
Avitriptan
Donitriptan
Eletriptan
Frovatriptan
Naratriptan
Rizatriptan
Sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan ; Tryptamines : 5-CT
5-Ethyl-DMT
5-MT
5-(Nonyloxy)tryptamine ; Others : CP-135,807
Bromocriptine
CP-286,601
GR-46611
L-694,247
L-772,405
PNU-109,291
PNU-142633
Antagonists : Lysergamides : Metergoline ; Others : Alniditan
BRL-15,572
Elzasonan
GR-127,935
Ketanserin
LY-310,762
LY-367,642
LY-456,219
LY-456,220
Metitepine/Methiothepin
Ritanserin
Yohimbine
Ziprasidone
Agonists : Phenethylamines : 2C-B
2C-E
2C-I
2C-T-2
2C-T-7
2C-T-21
DOB
DOC
DOI
DOM
MDA
MDMA
Mescaline ; Piperazines : Aripiprazole
mCPP
TFMPP ; Tryptamines : 5-CT
5-MeO-α-ET
5-MeO-α-MT
5-MeO-DET
5-MeO-DiPT
5-MeO-DMT
5-MeO-DPT
5-MT
α-ET
α-Methyl-5-HT
α-MT
Bufotenin
DET
DiPT
DMT
DPT
Psilocin
Psilocybin ; Others : A-372,159
AL-38022A
Alstonine
Bromocriptine
CP-809,101
Dimemebfe
Lorcaserin
Medifoxamine
MK-212
Org 12,962
ORG-37,684
Oxaflozane
PHA-57378
PNU-22394
PNU-181731
Ro60-0175
Ro60-0213
Vabicaserin
WAY-629
WAY-161,503
YM-348
Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics : Clorotepine
Clozapine
Iloperidone
Melperone
Olanzapine
Paliperidone
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Sertindole
Ziprasidone
Zotepine ; Typical antipsychotics : Chlorpromazine
Loxapine
Pimozide
Pipamperone ; Antidepressants : Agomelatine
Amitriptyline
Amoxapine
Aptazapine
Etoperidone
Fluoxetine
Mianserin
Mirtazapine
Nefazodone
Nortriptyline
Tedatioxetine
Trazodone ; Others : Adatanserin
CEPC
Cinanserin
Cyproheptadine
Deramciclane
Dotarizine
Eltoprazine
Esmirtazapine
FR-260,010
Ketanserin
Ketotifen
Latrepirdine
Metitepine/Methiothepin
Methysergide
Pizotifen
Ritanserin
RS-102,221
S-14,671
SB-200,646
SB-206,553
SB-221,284
SB-228,357
SB-242,084
SB-243,213
SDZ SER-082
Xylamidine
Agonists : Lysergamides : Dihydroergotamine
Ergotamine
Lisuride
LSD
Mesulergine
Metergoline
Methysergide ; Tryptamines : 2-Methyl-5-HT
5-BT
5-CT
5-MT
Bufotenin
E-6801
E-6837
EMD-386,088
EMDT
LY-586,713
N -Methyl-5-HT
Tryptamine ; Others : WAY-181,187
WAY-208,466
Antagonists : Antidepressants : Amitriptyline
Amoxapine
Clomipramine
Doxepin
Mianserin
Nortriptyline ; Atypical antipsychotics : Aripiprazole
Asenapine
Clorotepine
Clozapine
Fluperlapine
Iloperidone
Olanzapine
Tiospirone ; Typical antipsychotics : Chlorpromazine
Loxapine ; Others : BGC20-760
BVT-5182
BVT-74316
Cerlapirdine
EGIS-12,233
GW-742,457
Ketanserin
Latrepirdine
Lu AE58054
Metitepine/Methiothepin
MS-245
PRX-07034
Ritanserin
Ro04-6790
Ro 63-0563
SB-258,585
SB-271,046
SB-357,134
SB-399,885
SB-742,457
Agonists : Lysergamides : LSD ; Tryptamines : 5-CT
5-MT
Bufotenin ; Others : 8-OH-DPAT
AS-19
Bifeprunox
E-55888
LP-12
LP-44
RU-24,969
Sarizotan
Antagonists : Lysergamides : 2-Bromo-LSD
Bromocriptine
Dihydroergotamine
Ergotamine
Mesulergine
Metergoline
Methysergide ; Antidepressants : Amitriptyline
Amoxapine
Clomipramine
Imipramine
Maprotiline
Mianserin ; Atypical antipsychotics : Amisulpride
Aripiprazole
Asenapine
Clorotepine
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Sertindole
Tiospirone
Ziprasidone
Zotepine ; Typical antipsychotics : Chlorpromazine
Loxapine ;
Pimozide ; Others : Butaclamol
EGIS-12,233
Ketanserin
LY-215,840
Metitepine/Methiothepin
Ritanserin
SB-258,719
SB-258,741
SB-269,970
SB-656,104
SB-656,104-A
SB-691,673
SLV-313
SLV-314
Spiperone
SSR-181,507
Vortioxetine