Portal:Geography

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edit   The Geography Portal Urban geography Geography is the science that studies the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of the natural and the human phenomena (geography as the study of distribution), the area studies (places and regions), the study of the human-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences. Modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical science". Geography is divided into two main branches: human geography and physical geography. More about geography… edit   Featured article Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly river, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India. The Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, it has undergone an economic rejuvenation. edit   In this month 4 February 1966 – Death of Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, first full-time editor of National Geographic Magazine and president of the National Geographic Society 4 February 1976 – 1976 Guatemala earthquake struck, centered in the Motagua Fault (pictured), about 160 km northeast of Guatemala City, Guatemala 7 February 1928 – Creation of the Pan American Institute of Geography and History during conference in Havana, Cuba 17 February 2008 – 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence adopted by Assembly of Kosovo More anniversaries... edit   Did you know... ...that in January 1859, over 30,000 people gathered on Dealul Mitropoliei in Bucharest in support of Alexander John Cuza (pictured) in his election to become the first Domnitor of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia? ...that Singapore’s Fort Tanjong Katong, one of the oldest military forts built by the British colonial government, never saw combat action and was nicknamed the "Wash-out Fort"? ..that Heuneburg, an early Celtic settlement by the upper Danube, was already fortified with a massive ditch-and-bank enclosure by the Middle Bronze Age (15th to 12th century BC)? edit   Things you can do Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Article requests : See Requested articles/Social sciences/Geography, cities, regions and named places and Missing articles about Locations Assess : Tag related article talk pages with {{WikiProject Geography}}. To help assess the quality and importance of geography articles, please see: Unassessed geography articles and Unknown-importance geography articles. Cleanup : See Geography articles needing attention Geography Geographic information system Geography of China Geostatistics History of geography Holarctic Kriging Philosophy of geography Urbanism Valley Copyedit : Geographical feature Glossary of geography terms List of world map changes Regions of North America (See Regions of Africa) Regions of Oceania Regions of South America Demographics of Asia (See Demographics of Africa) Demographics of Oceania Cycle of erosion Outer Continental Shelf Tied island Deletion sorting : Listed at Geographic related deletion discussions Expand : TOP PRIORITY: expand articles in Outline of geography and Outlines of regions (one for each country and region) - these are general reference companions to the main articles on each country. Are your favorite countries covered yet? The lists completed enough to be transferred to article space can be found at Portal:Contents/Geography and places. Index of geography articles (replace redirect with an article index, see Index of psychology articles as an example) List of geographers Visual geography Geographical coordinates : See Articles missing geocoordinate data by country Infobox : See Geography articles needing infoboxes Map : See Wikipedia requested maps Notability : See Geography articles with topics of unclear notability Photo : See Wikipedia requested photographs of places Stubs : See Geography stubs edit   Featured biography Zhang Heng was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25–220) of China. After beginning his career as a minor civil servant, he eventually became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. His fu (rhapsody) and shi poetry were renowned and commented on by later Chinese writers. Zhang received many posthumous honors for his scholarship and ingenuity, and is considered a polymath by some scholars. edit   Categories ▼ Geography ► Branches of geography ► Geography by place ► Geography awards and competitions ► Geography education ► Environmental studies ► Exploration ► Geocodes ► Geodesy ► Geographers ► Geographical zones ► Geopolitical corridors ► Hemispheres of the Earth ► History books about geography ► History of geography ► Land systems ► Landscape ► Geography-related lists ► Geographic literature ► Navigation ► Geography organizations ► Places ► Pre-Columbian cultural areas ► Surveying ► Geographical technology ► Geography terminology ► Vernacular geography ► Wikipedia books on geography ► Geographic images ► Geography stubs edit   WikiProjects Parent project WikiProject Geography Descendant projects Caves Cities Countries Country subdivisions Demographics Deserts Former countries Geographical coordinates Glaciers Islands Lakes Maps Mountains Protected areas Rivers Subdivisions of former countries Tropical cyclones Urban studies and planning Volcanoes Waterfalls Related projects WikiProject Globalization What are WikiProjects? edit   Featured picture An aerial photo of Malé, the capital of the Republic of Maldives. Malé is located on Malé Island in the Kaafu Atoll, but administratively it is not considered part of Kaafu. The island is heavily urbanised, with the city, one of the most densely populated in the world, taking up most of its entire landmass. The tsunami resulting from the Indian Ocean earthquake in December 2004 flooded two-thirds of the city. edit   Selected quote edit   Articles Antarctica Afro-Eurasia Americas Australia Africa Eurasia North America Oceania Europe Asia South America Supercontinents: Gondwana • Laurasia • Pangaea • Rodinia edit   Subportals Africa Antarctica Arctic Asia Caribbean Europe European Union Latin America Mediterranean Middle East North America Oceania edit   Related portals Atlas Atmosphere Atmospheric sciences Disasters Earth sciences Earthquakes Energy Environment Global warming Islands Mountains Physics Political science Science Seamounts Sociology Sustainable development Tropical cyclones Volcanoes Water Weather edit   Associated Wikimedia The following Wikimedia sister projects provide more on this subject:

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