March 18

March 18 is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 288 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 37 – The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will and proclaims Caligula emperor.
• 633 – Ridda wars: The Arabian Peninsula is united under the central authority of Caliph Abu Bakr.
• 1229 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade.
• 1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city.
• 1314 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake.
• 1438 – Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1608 – Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
• 1644 – The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.
• 1741 – New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.
• 1766 – American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.
• 1793 – The first republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
• 1834 – Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.
• 1848 – March Revolution: In Berlin there is a struggle between citizens and military, costing about 300 lives.
• 1850 – American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.
• 1865 – American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
• 1871 – Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.
• 1874 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trade rights.
• 1892 – Former Governor General Lord Stanley pledges to donate a silver challenge cup, later named after him, as an award for the best hockey team in Canada the Stanley Cup.
• 1906 – Traian Vuia flies a heavier-than-air aircraft for 11 meters at an altitude of one meter.
• 1913 – King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.
• 1915 – World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
• 1921 – The second Peace of Riga is signed between Poland and the Soviet Union.
• 1922 – In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience, of which he serves only two.
• 1925 – The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.
• 1937 – The New London School explosion in New London, Texas, kills 300 people, mostly children.
• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.
• 1937 – A human-powered aircraft, Pedaliante, flies 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) outside Milan, Italy.
• 1938 – Mexico nationalizes all foreign-owned oil properties within its borders.
• 1940 – World War II: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
• 1942 – The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.
• 1944 – The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26 people and causes thousands to flee their homes.
• 1946 – Diplomatic relations between Switzerland and the Soviet Union are established.
• 1948 – Soviet consultants leave Yugoslavia in the first sign of the Tito–Stalin split.
• 1953 – An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 265 people.
• 1959 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law allowing for Hawaiian statehood, which would become official on August 21.
• 1962 – The Évian Accords end the Algerian War of Independence, which had begun in 1954.
• 1965 – Cosmonaut Alexey Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
• 1967 – The supertanker Torrey Canyon runs aground off the Cornish coast.
• 1968 – Gold standard: The U.S. Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.
• 1969 – The United States begins secretly bombing the Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to infiltrate South Vietnam.
• 1970 – Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
• 1970 – The U.S. postal strike of 1970 begins, one of the largest wildcat strikes in U.S. history.
• 1971 – In Peru a landslide crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200 people at the mining camp of Chungar.
• 1974 – Oil embargo crisis: Most OPEC nations end a five-month oil embargo against the United States, Europe and Japan.
• 1980 – At Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, 50 people are killed by an explosion of a Vostok-2M rocket on its launch pad during a fueling operation.
• 1985 – First episode of Neighbours broadcast.
• 1990 – Germans in the German Democratic Republic vote in the first democratic elections in the former communist dictatorship.
• 1990 – In the largest art theft in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.
• 1992 – In a national referendum white South Africans vote overwhelmingly in favour of ending the racist policy of Apartheid.
• 1994 – Bosnia's Bosniaks and Croats sign the Washington Agreement, ending war between the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• 1996 – A nightclub fire in Quezon City, Philippines kills 162 people.
• 1997 – The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 people on board and leading to the grounding of all An-24s.
• 2014 – The parliaments of Russia and Crimea sign an accession treaty.

Births

• 1395 – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English commander (d. 1447)
• 1496 – Mary Tudor, Queen of France (d. 1533)
• 1555 – Francis, Duke of Anjou (d. 1584)
• 1590 – Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (d. 1649)
• 1597 – Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French religious leader, founded the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal (d. 1659)
• 1602 – Jacques de Billy, French mathematician (d. 1679)
• 1603 – Simon Bradstreet, English (American) businessman and politician, 20th Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1693)
• 1609 – Frederick III of Denmark (d. 1670)
• 1634 – Madame de La Fayette, French author (d. 1693)
• 1640 – Philippe de La Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1719)
• 1657 – Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian organist and composer (d. 1743)
• 1685 – Ralph Ersine, Scottish minister (d. 1752)
• 1690 – Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (d. 1764)
• 1701 – Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish businessman and philanthropist, co-founded the Swedish East India Company (d. 1776)
• 1733 – Christoph Friedrich Nicolai, German author and bookseller (d. 1811)
• 1780 – Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia (d. 1860)
• 1782 – John C. Calhoun, American politician, 7th Vice President of the United States (d. 1850)
• 1798 – Francis Lieber, German-American jurist and philosopher (d. 1872)
• 1800 – Harriet Smithson, Anglo-Irish actress (d. 1854)
• 1813 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (d. 1864)
• 1814 – Jacob Bunn, American businessman (d. 1897)
• 1816 – Antonio Salviati, Italian lawyer and businessman (d. 1890)
• 1823 – Antoine Chanzy, French general (d. 1883)
• 1828 – Randal Cremer, English politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1908)
• 1837 – Grover Cleveland, American lawyer and politician, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (d. 1908)
• 1840 – William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (d. 1901)
• 1842 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (d. 1898)
• 1844 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (d. 1908)
• 1848 – Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, American engineer and architect (d. 1938)
• 1848 – Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (d. 1939)
• 1853 – Emilie Kempin-Spyri, Swiss lawyer and academic (d. 1901)
• 1858 – Rudolf Diesel, German engineer, invented the Diesel engine (d. 1913)
• 1863 – William Sulzer, American lawyer and politician, 39th Governor of New York (d. 1941)
• 1869 – Neville Chamberlain, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
• 1874 – Nikolai Berdyaev, Russian philosopher (d. 1948)
• 1877 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (d. 1945)
• 1877 – Clem Hill, Australian cricketer (d. 1945)
• 1878 – Percival Perry, 1st Baron Perry, English businessman (d. 1956)
• 1879 – Norval Baptie, Canadian speed skater (d. 1966)
• 1881 – Paul Le Flem, Breton composer (d. 1984)
• 1882 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer and educator (d. 1973)
• 1884 – Bernard Cronin, Australian author and journalist (d. 1968)
• 1886 – Edward Everett Horton, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1890 – Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
• 1891 – Alice Cullen, Scottish politician (d. 1969)
• 1893 – Costante Girardengo, Italian cyclist (d. 1978)
• 1893 – Jean Goldkette, French-American pianist and bandleader (d. 1962)
• 1893 – Wilfred Owen, English soldier and poet (d. 1918)
• 1898 – Jake Swirbul, American businessman, co-founded the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation (d. 1960)
• 1901 – William Johnson, American painter (d. 1970)
• 1903 – Galeazzo Ciano, Italian politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Italy (d. 1944)
• 1904 – Srečko Kosovel, Slovenian poet (d. 1926)
• 1904 – Margaret Tucker, Australian author and activist (d. 1996)
• 1905 – Thomas Townsend Brown, American inventor (d. 1985)
• 1905 – Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
• 1907 – Rosita Moreno, Spanish actress (d. 1993)
• 1907 – Verda Welcome, American educator and politician (d. 1990)
• 1907 – John Zachary Young, English biologist (d. 1997)
• 1908 – Loulou Gasté, French composer (d. 1995)
• 1909 – Ernest Gallo, American businessman, co-founded the E & J Gallo Winery (d. 2007)
• 1909 – Cyril Walter Hodges, English artist and writer (d. 2004)
• 1911 – Al Benton, American baseball player (d. 1968)
• 1911 – Smiley Burnette, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1967)
• 1911 – Kullo Must, Estonian film producer (d. 1987)
• 1912 – Art Gilmore, American voice actor and announcer (d. 2010)
• 1913 – René Clément, French director and screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Reinhard Hardegen, German commander
• 1913 – Werner Mölders, German colonel and pilot (d. 1941)
• 1914 – César Guerra-Peixe, Brazilian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1993)
• 1915 – Richard Condon, American author (d. 1996)
• 1918 – Bob Broeg, American journalist (d. 2005)
• 1919 – Christopher Challis, English cinematographer (d. 2012)
• 1921 – Frank Searle, Scottish photographer (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Egon Bahr, German journalist and politician, Federal Minister for Special Affairs of Germany
• 1922 – Seymour Martin Lipset, American sociologist (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Fred Shuttlesworth, American activist, co-founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Andy Granatelli, American businessman (d. 2013)
• 1925 – James Pickles, English journalist, lawyer, and judge (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Peter Graves, American actor (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Dick Littlefield, American baseball player (d. 1997)
• 1926 – Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri, Indian poet
• 1927 – John Kander, American pianist and composer
• 1927 – George Plimpton, American journalist and actor (d. 2003)
• 1928 – Julia Mullock, American-Korean wife of Yi Gu
• 1928 – Miguel Poblet, Spanish cyclist (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Fidel V. Ramos, Filipino general and politician, 12th President of the Philippines
• 1929 – Jacki Clérico, French businessman (d. 2013)
• 1929 – John Macurdy, American opera singer
• 1929 – Samuel Pisar, Polish-American lawyer and author
• 1929 – Jack B. Sowards, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Pat Halcox, English trumpet player (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Howard Coble, American captain and politician
• 1931 – John Fraser, Scottish actor
• 1931 – John Mollo, English costume designer and author
• 1932 – John Updike, American author, poet, and critic (d. 2009)
• 1933 – Unita Blackwell, American activist and politician
• 1934 – Roy Chapman, English footballer and manager (d. 1983)
• 1934 – Pietro Rizzuto, Italian-Canadian politician (d. 1997)
• 1935 – Ole Barndorff-Nielsen, Danish mathematician
• 1935 – Antonios Naguib, Egyptian patriarch
• 1936 – F. W. de Klerk, South African lawyer and politician, 2nd State President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 – Rudi Altig, German cyclist
• 1937 – Mark Donohue, American race car driver (d. 1975)
• 1938 – Carl Gottlieb, American actor and screenwriter
• 1938 – Shashi Kapoor, Indian actor and producer
• 1938 – Kenny Lynch, English singer-songwriter and actor
• 1938 – Timo Mäkinen, Finnish race car driver
• 1938 – Charley Pride, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1938 – Machiko Soga, Japanese actress (d. 2006)
• 1939 – Ron Atkinson, English footballer and manager
• 1939 – Yannis Markopoulos, Greek composer
• 1940 – József Tóth, Hungarian geographer and academic (d. 2013)
• 1941 – John W. Derr, American politician
• 1941 – Wilson Pickett, American singer-songwriter (The Falcons) (d. 2006)
• 1942 – Albert Van Vlierberghe, Belgian cyclist (d. 1991)
• 1943 – Kevin Dobson, American actor
• 1943 – Toula Grivas, French-Greek actress
• 1943 – Nobuko Imai, Japanese violist
• 1943 – Dennis Linde, American singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1944 – Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, Israeli general and politician, 22nd Transportation Minister of Israel (d. 2012)
• 1944 – Dick Smith, Australian publisher and businessman, founded Dick Smith Electronics and Australian Geographic
• 1945 – Joy Fielding, Canadian actress and author
• 1945 – Hiroh Kikai, Japanese photographer
• 1945 – Michael Reagan, American radio host
• 1945 – Eric Woolfson, Scottish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (The Alan Parsons Project) (d. 2009)
• 1946 – Martyn Griffiths, English race car driver
• 1946 – Michel Leclère, French race car driver
• 1947 – Patrick Barlow, English actor and playwright
• 1947 – Patrick Chesnais, French actor
• 1947 – Roger Kenneth Evans, English politician
• 1947 – David Lloyd, English cricketer
• 1947 – Heather Ryan, American model
• 1947 – B. J. Wilson, English drummer (Procol Harum) (d. 1990)
• 1948 – Guy Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1948 – Brian Lloyd, Welsh footballer
• 1948 – Lockwood Phillips, American radio host
• 1949 – Bertha Gilkey, American activist (d. 2014)
• 1949 – Alex Higgins, Northern Irish snooker player (d. 2010)
• 1949 – Åse Kleveland, Norwegian singer and politician
• 1949 – Hannu Siitonen, Finnish javelin thrower
• 1950 – James Conlon, American conductor
• 1950 – Brad Dourif, American actor
• 1950 – John Hartman, American drummer (Doobie Brothers)
• 1950 – Eiji Okuda, Japanese actor and director
• 1950 – Linda Partridge, English geneticist and academic
• 1950 – Larry Perkins, Australian race car driver
• 1951 – Paul Barber, English actor
• 1951 – Ben Cohen, American businessman co-founded Ben and Jerry's
• 1951 – Bill Frisell, American guitarist and composer
• 1951 – Mart Murdvee, Estonian psychologist and scholar
• 1952 – Will Durst, American journalist
• 1952 – Pat Eddery, Irish jockey
• 1952 – Bernie Tormé, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist ( Gillan, Guy McCoy Tormé, and Desperado)
• 1952 – Mike Webster, American football player (d. 2002)
• 1953 – Franz Wright, American poet
• 1953 – Takashi Yoshimatsu, Japanese composer
• 1955 – Ana Obregón, Spanish actress, screenwriter, and biologist
• 1955 – Francis G. Slay, American politician, 45th Mayor of St. Louis
• 1955 – Jeff Stelling, English journalist
• 1956 – Rick Martel, Canadian wrestler
• 1956 – Deborah Jeane Palfrey, American madam (d. 2008)
• 1956 – Ingemar Stenmark, Swedish skier
• 1957 – Christer Fuglesang, Swedish physicist and astronaut
• 1957 – György Pazdera, Hungarian bass player (Pokolgép)
• 1957 – Wolfgang Schilling, German footballer
• 1958 – Richard de Zoysa, Sri Lankan journalist (d. 1990)
• 1958 – Aleksandr Kharlov, Uzbekistani hurdler
• 1958 – Tony Kouzarides, English biologist, cancer researcher
• 1959 – Luc Besson, French director, producer, and screenwriter, founded EuropaCorp
• 1959 – Irene Cara, American actress, singer-songwriter, and producer
• 1960 – Richard Biggs, American actor (d. 2004)
• 1960 – Guy Carbonneau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1960 – James MacPherson, Scottish actor
• 1960 – James Plaskett, Cypriot-English chess player
• 1961 – Tiffany Clark, American porn actress
• 1961 – Grant Hart, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hüsker Dü)
• 1961 – Todd Nelson, American tennis player
• 1962 – Brian Fisher, American baseball player
• 1962 – Thomas Ian Griffith, American actor and martial artist
• 1962 – James McMurtry, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1962 – Mike Rowe, American television host
• 1962 – Bob Shennan, English broadcaster
• 1962 – Etsushi Toyokawa, Japanese actor
• 1962 – Volker Weidler, German race car driver
• 1963 – Keith Brown, English cricketer
• 1963 – Jeff LaBar, American guitarist (Cinderella and Naked Beggars)
• 1963 – Vanessa L. Williams, American model, actress, and singer, Miss America 1984
• 1964 – Rozalla, Zambian singer
• 1964 – Bonnie Blair, American speed skater
• 1964 – Seymore Butts, American porn actor, director, and producer
• 1964 – Alex Caffi, Italian race car driver
• 1964 – Paul Elliott, English footballer
• 1964 – Courtney Pine, English saxophonist
• 1965 – Birgit Clarius, German heptathlete
• 1965 – Yoriko Douguchi, Japanese actress
• 1966 – Jerry Cantrell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Alice in Chains)
• 1966 – Peter Jones, English businessman
• 1966 – Irina Khabarova, Russian sprinter
• 1966 – Daniel S. Nevins, American rabbi
• 1967 – Miki Berenyi, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Lush)
• 1967 – Ken Edenfield, American baseball player
• 1968 – Prince Eudes, Duke of Angoulême
• 1968 – Miguel Herrera, Mexican footballer and manager
• 1968 – Paul Marsden, English politician
• 1968 – Shin-ichiro Miki, Japanese voice actor
• 1969 – Andy Cutting, English accordion player and composer
• 1969 – Vassily Ivanchuk, Ukrainian chess player
• 1969 – J. David Shapiro, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1969 – Shaun Udal, English cricketer
• 1970 – Queen Latifah, American rapper and actress
• 1971 – Mike Bell, American wrestler (d. 2008)
• 1971 – Mariaan de Swardt, South African-American tennis player
• 1971 – Kitty Ussher, English economist and politician
• 1972 – Dane Cook, American comedian and actor
• 1972 – Anja Möllenbeck, German discus thrower
• 1972 – Reince Priebus, American lawyer and politician
• 1973 – Max Barry, Australian author
• 1973 – Luci Christian, American voice actress and screenwriter
• 1974 – Arsi Harju, Finnish shot putter
• 1974 – Tina Križan, Slovenian tennis player
• 1974 – Evan Lowenstein, American singer-songwriter (Evan and Jaron)
• 1974 – Jaron Lowenstein, American singer-songwriter (Evan and Jaron)
• 1974 – Laure Savasta, French basketball player
• 1974 – Stuart Zender, English bass player, songwriter, and producer (Jamiroquai)
• 1975 – Sutton Foster, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1975 – Rodleen Getsic, American singer and actress
• 1975 – Brian Griese, American football player and sportscaster
• 1975 – Kimmo Timonen, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1975 – Tomas Žvirgždauskas, Lithuanian footballer
• 1976 – Giovanna Antonelli, Brazilian actress and producer
• 1976 – Jovan Kirovski, American soccer player and coach
• 1976 – Tomo Ohka, Japanese baseball player
• 1976 – Scott Podsednik, American baseball player
• 1976 – Mike Quackenbush, American wrestler, trainer, and author, founded Chikara wrestling promotion
• 1977 – Zdeno Chára, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1977 – Devin Lima, American singer (LFO)
• 1977 – Danny Murphy, English footballer
• 1977 – Fernando Rodney, Dominican-American baseball player
• 1977 – Willy Sagnol, French footballer
• 1977 – Terrmel Sledge, American baseball player
• 1978 – Fernandão, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
• 1978 – Juris Fernandez, Filipino singer (MYMP)
• 1978 – Jan Bulis, Czech ice hockey player
• 1978 – Brooke Hanson, Australian swimmer
• 1978 – Antonio Margarito, American boxer
• 1978 – Brian Scalabrine, American basketball player
• 1978 – Yoshie Takeshita, Japanese volleyball player
• 1978 – Jonas Wallerstedt, Swedish footballer, coach, and manager
• 1978 – Virginia Williams, American actress
• 1979 – Shola Ama, English singer
• 1979 – Dramane Coulibaly, Malian footballer
• 1979 – Danneel Harris, American actress
• 1979 – Grzegorz Knapp, Polish motorcycle racer (d. 2014)
• 1979 – Adam Levine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Maroon 5 and Kara's Flowers)
• 1979 – Anthony Maher, American soccer player
• 1980 – Sébastien Frey, French footballer
• 1980 – Sophia Myles, English actress
• 1980 – Alexei Yagudin, Russian figure skater
• 1980 – Natalia Poklonskaya, Crimean lawyer and politician
• 1981 – Tora Berger, Norwegian biathlete
• 1981 – Fabian Cancellara, Swiss cyclist
• 1981 – Leslie Djhone, French sprinter
• 1981 – Jang Na-ra, South Korean singer and actress
• 1981 – Kasib Powell, American basketball player
• 1981 – Tom Starke, German footballer
• 1981 – Doug Warren, American soccer player
• 1981 – Lovro Zovko, Croatian tennis player
• 1982 – Mantorras, Angolan footballer
• 1982 – Chad Cordero, American baseball player
• 1982 – Timo Glock, German race car driver
• 1982 – Adam Pally, American actor
• 1983 – Ethan Carter III, American wrestler
• 1983 – Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro, French tennis player
• 1983 – Andy Sonnanstine, American baseball player
• 1983 – Tomasz Stolpa, Polish footballer
• 1984 – Rajeev Ram, American tennis player
• 1984 – Simone Padoin, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Gary Roberts, English footballer
• 1984 – Vonzell Solomon, American singer and actress
• 1985 – Gennaro Esposito, Italian footballer
• 1985 – Bia Figueiredo, Brazilian race car driver
• 1985 – Marvin Humes, English singer and actor (JLS and VS)
• 1985 – Vince Lia, Australian footballer
• 1986 – Abdennour Chérif El-Ouazzani, Algerian footballer
• 1986 – Kaloyan Ivanov, Bulgarian basketball player
• 1986 – Lykke Li, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1987 – Gabriel Mercado, Argentinian footballer
• 1987 – Cesare Rickler, Italian footballer
• 1987 – Rebecca Soni, American swimmer
• 1987 – Mauro Zárate, Argentinian footballer
• 1989 – Francesco Checcucci, Italian footballer
• 1989 – Lily Collins, English-American actress
• 1989 – Shreevats Goswami, Indian cricketer
• 1989 – Kana Nishino, Japanese singer-songwriter
• 1990 – Corey Liuget, American football player
• 1991 – Dylan Mattingly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1991 – Jeric Teng, Filipino basketball player
• 1992 – Ryan Truex, American race car driver
• 1993 – Urassaya Sperbund, Thai actress
• 1993 – Maziah Mahusin, Bruneian hurdler
• 1996 – Madeline Carroll, American actress
• 1997 – Ciara Bravo, American actress

Deaths

• 235 – Severus Alexander, Roman emperor (b. 208)
• 978 – Edward the Martyr, English king (b. 962)
• 1227 – Pope Honorius III (b. 1148)
• 1314 – Jacques de Molay, Frankish knight (b. 1244)
• 1675 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)
• 1689 – John Dixwell, English judge (b. 1607)
• 1696 – Robert Charnock, English academic (b. 1663)
• 1715 – William Fraser, 12th Lord Saltoun, Scottish politician (b. 1654)
• 1745 – Robert Walpole, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1676)
• 1768 – Laurence Sterne, Irish clergyman and author (b. 1713)
• 1781 – Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, French economist and politician (b. 1727)
• 1823 – Jean-Baptiste Bréval, French cellist and composer (b. 1753)
• 1835 – Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish-Prussian diplomat (b. 1769)
• 1845 – Johnny Appleseed, British-American environmentalist (b. 1774)
• 1871 – Augustus De Morgan, Indian-English mathematician (b. 1806)
• 1898 – Matilda Joslyn Gage, American author and activist (b. 1826)
• 1907 – Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (b. 1827)
• 1913 – George I of Greece (b. 1845)
• 1918 – Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, American architect, designed the Plaza Hotel (b. 1847)
• 1933 – Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (b. 1873)
• 1936 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek politician, 93rd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1864)
• 1939 – Henry Simpson Lunn, English businessman, founded Lunn Poly (b. 1859)
• 1941 – Henri Cornet, French cyclist (b. 1884)
• 1947 – William C. Durant, American businessman, co-founded General Motors and Chevrolet (b. 1861)
• 1956 – Louis Bromfield, American environmentalist and author (b. 1896)
• 1962 – Walter W. Bacon, American politician, 60th Governor of Delaware (b. 1880)
• 1963 – Wanda Hawley, American actress and singer (b. 1895)
• 1964 – Sigfrid Edström, Swedish businessman, 4th President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1870)
• 1965 – Farouk of Egypt (b. 1920)
• 1965 – Jack Quinlan, American sportscaster (b. 1927)
• 1969 – Barbara Bates, American actress (b. 1925)
• 1973 – Johannes Aavik, Estonian philologist (b. 1880)
• 1975 – Alain Grandbois, Canadian poet (b. 1900)
• 1976 – Giuseppe Genco Russo, Italian mob boss (b. 1893)
• 1977 – Marien Ngouabi, Congolese politician, President of the Republic of the Congo (b. 1938)
• 1977 – Carlos Pace, Brazilian race car driver (b. 1944)
• 1978 – Leigh Brackett, American author (b. 1915)
• 1978 – Peggy Wood, American actress (b. 1892)
• 1980 – Erich Fromm, German psychologist and philosopher (b. 1900)
• 1981 – Cahide Sonku, Turkish actress, model, writer and the first female film director (b. 1919)
• 1982 – Patrick Smith, Irish farmer and politician (b. 1901)
• 1983 – Umberto II of Italy (b. 1904)
• 1984 – Charley Lau, American baseball player and coach (b. 1933)
• 1986 – Bernard Malamud, American author (b. 1914)
• 1988 – Billy Butterfield, American trumpet player and cornet player (b. 1917)
• 1988 – Frank Wayne, American TV game show producer (b. 1917)
• 1990 – Robin Harris, American comedian and actor (b. 1953)
• 1993 – Kenneth E. Boulding, English-American economist and activist (b. 1910)
• 1995 – Robin Jacques, English illustrator (b. 1920)
• 1995 – Sadri Alışık, Turkish stage and movie actor (b. 1925)
• 1996 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 1999 – Elizabeth Huckaby, American educator (b. 1905)
• 2000 – Eberhard Bethge, German theologian (b. 1909)
• 2001 – Viktor Masing, Estonian botanist and ecologist (b. 1925)
• 2001 – John Phillips, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Mamas & the Papas) (b. 1935)
• 2002 – R. A. Lafferty, American author (b. 1914)
• 2002 – Gösta Winbergh, Swedish tenor (b. 1943)
• 2003 – Karl Kling, German race car driver (b. 1910)
• 2003 – Adam Osborne, Thai-English businessman, founded the Osborne Computer Corporation (b. 1939)
• 2004 – Harrison McCain, Canadian businessman, co-founded McCain Foods (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Michael Attwell, English actor (b. 1943)
• 2006 – Bill Beutel, American journalist (b. 1930)
• 2006 – Dan Gibson, Canadian photographer and cinematographer (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Bob Woolmer, South African cricketer, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1948)
• 2008 – Andrew Britton, English-American author (b. 1981)
• 2008 – Anthony Minghella, English director and screenwriter (b. 1954)
• 2008 – Geoffrey Pearson, Canadian diplomat and author (b. 1927)
• 2009 – Omid Reza Mir Sayafi, Iranian journalist and blogger (b. 1980)
• 2009 – Natasha Richardson, English actress (b. 1963)
• 2010 – Fess Parker, American actor (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Warren Christopher, American politician, 63rd United States Secretary of State (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Imra Agotić, Croatian general (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Furman Bisher, American journalist (b. 1918)
• 2012 – William R. Charette, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1932)
• 2012 – William G. Moore Jr., American general (b. 1920)
• 2012 – George Tupou V of Tonga (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Jalal Zolfonun, Iranian setar player and composer (b. 1937)
• 2013 – Muhammad Mahmood Alam, Pakistani general (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Mindy Baha El Din, American-Egyptian environmentalist (b. 1958)
• 2013 – Henry Bromell, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1947)
• 2013 – Clay Ford, American lawyer and politician (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Earl Hersh, American baseball player (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Robin M. Williams, New Zealand mathematician and academic (b. 1919)
• 2014 – Catherine Obianuju Acholonu, Nigerian author, playwright, and academic (b. 1951)
• 2014 – Jorge Arvizu, Mexican voice actor (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Kaiser Kalambo, Zambian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1953)
• 2014 – Joe Lala, American actor and drummer (Blues Image and Manassas) (b. 1947)
• 2014 – Lucius Shepard, American author (b. 1943)
• 2014 – Ara Shiraz, Armenian sculptor (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

• Anniversary of the Oil Expropriation (Mexico)
• Christian feast day:
  • Alexander of Jerusalem
  • Cyril of Jerusalem
  • Edward the Martyr
  • Fridianus
  • Salvator
• Earliest date on which Holy Wednesday can fall, while April 21 is the latest; celebrated on the week before Easter. (Christianity)
• Flag Day (Aruba)
• Gallipoli Memorial Day (Turkey)
• Mens' and Soldiers' Day (Mongolia)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada