East Java

East Java Jawa Timur ꧋ꦗꦮꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀꧉
Province
Mount Bromo
Flag Seal
Motto: Jer Basuki Mawa Béya (Javanese) (meaning: Efforts are needed to get success or prosper)
Location of East Java in Indonesia
Coordinates: 7°16′S 112°45′E
Country	Indonesia
Capital	Surabaya
Government
• Governor	Soekarwo
• Vice Governor	Saifullah Yusuf
Area
• Total	47,799.75 km2 (18,455.59 sq mi)
Population (2014)
• Total	38,529,481
• Density	810/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	Javanese (80%), Madurese (18%), Tionghoa (1%)
• Religion	Islam (96.36%), Christianity (2.4%), Buddhism (0.6%), Hinduism (0.5%), Confucianism (0.1%), Kejawen also practised
• Languages	Indonesian (official), Javanese languages (Arekan & Osing), Madurese (regional)
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)
Website	www.jatimprov.go.id

East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur, abbreviated as Jatim, Javanese: Jåwå Wétan) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes the neighbouring islands of Madura, and the Kangean, Sapudi, Bawean, and Masalembu groups. The dominant cultures are Javanese and, in the north-east, Madurese, as opposed to the Sundanese of western Java.

It covers an area of 47,800 km², and had a population of 37,476,757 at the 2010 Census, making it Indonesia's second most populated province (after West Java); the latest official estimate (for January 2014) is 38,529,481. Its capital is Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia and a major industrial center and port.

It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west, being surrounded by sea on all other sides.

History

The history of eastern Java was substantially that of the empire of Majapahit - which reached its golden moment under Hayam Wuruk in 1350–1389. But, after his death, Majapahit entered a period of decline. Following the European occupation of Majapahit ruins, the kingdom was replaced by the Residency system. There were eight Residencies within East Java—those of Bojonegoro, Madiun, Kediri, Malang, Surabaya, Probolinggo, Besuki (the latter for the far eastern part of Java) and Madura. In November 1947, a State of East Java was formed under Dutch auspices as part of the new Republic of the United States of Indonesia. After a Round Table conference, many people demanded that the state of East Java should be dissolved and that it become a part of the Republic of Indonesia.

Administrative divisions

See also: Subdivisions of Indonesia and Districts of East Java

East Java is administratively divided into 29 regencies (or kabupaten), and 9 cities (or kotamadya) that are independent of the regency in which they sit geographically. These are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2000 and 2010 Censuses and at the latest (January 2014) estimates:

Name	Capital	Area (in km²)	Population 2000 Census	Population 2010 Census	Population 2014 estimate
Surabaya City	Surabaya	350.54	2,599,796	2,765,487	2,843,144
Gresik Regency (includes Bawean Island)	Gresik	1,191.25	1,005,445	1,177,042	1,210,105
Lamongan Regency	Lamongan	1,782.05	1,181,660	1,179,059	1,212,179
Mojokerto Regency	Mojokerto	717.83	908,004	1,025,443	1,054,248
Mojokerto City	Mojokerto	16.47	108,938	120,196	123,572
Sidoarjo Regency	Sidoarjo	634.38	1,563,015	1,941,497	1,996,034
Pasuruan Regency	Pasuruan	1,474.02	1,366,605	1,512,468	1,554,956
Pasuruan City	Pasuruan	35.29	168,323	186,262	191,494
Surabaya Sub-regional Totals		6,201.83	8,901,786	9,907,454	10,185,732
Tuban Regency	Tuban	1,834.15	1,051,999	1,118,464	1,149,882
Bojonegoro Regency	Bojonegoro	2,198.79	1,165,401	1,209,973	1,243,961
Ngawi Regency	Ngawi	1,295.98	813,228	817,765	840,736
Magetan Regency	Magetan	688.84	615,254	620,442	637,872
Madiun Regency	Madiun	1,037.58	639,825	662,278	680,881
Madiun City	Madiun	33.92	163,956	170,964	175,767
Nganjuk Regency	Nganjuk	1,224.25	973,472	1,017,030	1,045,598
Jombang Regency	Jombang	1,115.09	1,126,930	1,202,407	1,236,184
Northwest Sub-regional Totals		9,428.60	6,550,065	6,819,323	7,010,881
Probolinggo Regency	Kraksaan	1,696.21	1,004,967	1,096,244	1,127,041
Probolinggo City	Probolinggo	56.67	191,522	217,062	223,159
Situbondo Regency	Situbondo	1,669.87	603,705	647,619	665,818
Bondowoso Regency	Bondowoso	1,525.97	688,651	736,772	757,468
Banyuwangi Regency	Banyuwangi	5,782.40	1,488,791	1,556,078	1,599,788
Jember Regency	Jember	3,092.34	2,187,657	2,332,726	2,398,252
Lumajang Regency	Lumajang	1,790.90	965,192	1,006,458	1,034,730
Far Southeast Sub-regional Totals		15,614.36	7,130,485	7,592,959	7,806,256
Malang Regency	Kepanjen	3,530.65	2,412,570	2,446,218	2,514,932
Malang City	Malang	145.28	756,982	820,243	843,284
Batu City	Batu	136.74	(included in Malang Regency)	190,184	195,526
Kediri Regency	Kediri	1,386.05	1,408,353	1,499,768	1,541,897
Kediri City	Kediri	63.40	244,519	268,507	276,051
Blitar Regency	Kanigoro	1,336.48	1,064,643	1,116,639	1,148,005
Blitar City	Blitar	32.57	119,372	131,968	135,675
Tulungagung Regency	Tulungagung	1,055.65	929,833	990,158	1,017,972
Trenggalek Regency	Trenggalek	1,147.22	649,883	674,411	693,355
Ponorogo Regency	Ponorogo	1,305.70	841,449	855,281	879,306
Pacitan Regency	Pacitan	1,389.92	525,758	540,881	556,074
Southern Sub-regional Totals		11,529.66	8,953,362	9,534,258	9,802,077
East Java (excluding Madura) Totals		42,774.45	31,535,693	33,853,994	34,804,946
Bangkalan Regency	Bangkalan	1,001.44	805,048	906,761	932,232
Sampang Regency	Sampang	1,233.08	750,046	877,772	902,429
Pamekasan Regency	Pamekasan	792.24	689,225	795,918	818,283
Sumenep Regency	Sumenep	1,998.54	985,981	1,042,312	1,071,591
Madura Totals		5,025.30	3,230,300	3,622,763	3,724,535
Total for Province		47,799.75	34,765,993	37,476,757	38,529,481

Demography

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	25,516,999	—
1980	29,188,852	+14.4%
1990	32,503,991	+11.4%
1995	33,844,002	+4.1%
2000	34,783,640	+2.8%
2010	37,476,757	+7.7%
2014	38,529,481	+2.8%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010, 2014 Health Ministry

According to the 2000 census, East Java had 34,765,993 inhabitants, which increased to 37,476,757 at the 2010 Census, making it the second most populous Indonesian province after West Java. The inhabitants are predominantly ethnically Javanese. Native minorities include migrants from nearby Madura, and distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the Tengger people in Bromo, the Samin and the Osing people in Banyuwangi. East Java also hosts a significant population of other ethnic groups, such as Chinese, Indians, and Arabs. In addition to the national language, Indonesian, they also speak Javanese. Javanese as spoken in the western East Java is a similar dialect to the one spoken in nearby Central Java, with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern cities of Surabaya, Malang, and surrounding areas, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard for hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity.

Madurese is spoken by around 15 million ethnic Madurese, and is concentrated in Madura Island, Kangean Islands, Masalembu Islands, the eastern parts of East Java, and East Java's larger cities.

Religion

Hinduism and Buddhism once dominated the island; however Islam gradually supplanted Hinduism in the 14th and 15th centuries (see the spread of Islam in Indonesia). The last nobles and loyalists of the fallen empire of Majapahit fled from this point to Bali. Islam spread from northern cities in Java where traders from Gujarat, India brought with them Islam. The eastern part of East Java, from Surabaya to Pasuruan, and the cities along the coast, and back to Banyuwangi to Jember, are known as the "horseshoe area" in context with earlier Muslim communities living there.

Pockets of Hinduism remain, and syncretic abangan streams of Islam and Hinduism remain strong (see Hinduism in Java).

Natural resources

• Chalk (Trenggalek & Gresik the city is also famous of its cement industries)
• Marble (Tulungagung)
• Petroleum (Bojonegoro)
• Salt (Madura Island)
• Kaolinite (Blitar)
• Sulfur

Seaports

East Java planned to build 4 seaports by 2013: in Lamongan, Gresik, Probolinggo and Banyuwangi.

Education

East Java hosts some of the famous universities in Indonesia, both owned by government and private. Three major cities for universities, because they have government's universities, are Surabaya, Malang, and Jember. Among them, Airlangga University and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember are the most famous, and both are located in Surabaya. See: List of universities in East Java

Another important form of education that is available in most cities in East Java is the pesantren. This kind of education is built and organized by Islamic clerics, and associated with local or national Muslim organizations. Jombang is a famous city for its pesantren.

Media

East Java supports several regional media outlets. Local newspapers with provincial news reach their readers earlier than their competitors from Jakarta. In the spirit of "providing more news from around readers", most newspapers even issue municipal sections which are different among their distribution areas.

• Jawa Pos Group, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia, is based in Surabaya.
• Surya, is a newspaper based in Surabaya. Surya is now controlled by Kompas, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia

National parks

Deer in Baluran National Park

• Meru Betiri National Park - Between Jember and Banyuwangi districts, this park covers 580 km² (224 sq mi). Hard to get to, it contains fantastic coastal rainforest and scenery and is home to abundant wildlife.
• Alas Purwo National Park - This 434 km² (168 sq mi) park is formed by the Blambangan Peninsula (south eastern Java). Comprising mangrove, savanna, lowland monsoon forests and excellent beaches, the park's name means First Forest in Javanese. Javanese legend says that the earth first emerged from the ocean here.
• Baluran National Park - This 250 km² (97 sq mi) national park is located in north east Java, once known as Indonesia's little piece of Africa, the parks formerly extensive savanna has been largely replaced by Acacia.
• Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park - Located in East Java at the region of Probolinggo and Pasuruan, 70 km (43 mi) from Surabaya the capital city of East Java province. Mount Bromo is one of the great hiking and trekking destinations for overseas tourists. The scenic view of Bromo also attracts hundreds of photo enthusiasts to see the views there.

Local economic governance

Based on the survey conducted between August 2010 and January 2011, East Java included 11 of the top 20 cities and regencies of the Local economic governance which measures nine parameters:

• infrastructure
• private enterprises development program
• access to land
• interaction between local administrations and businesses
• business licensing
• local taxes and fees
• security and business conflict resolution
• capacity and integrity of regional heads
• quality of local regulations

The top 5 were:

• Blitar, East Java
• North Lampung Regency, Lampung
• Probolinggo, East Java
• Batu, East Java
• Sorong Regency, West Papua

Cuisine

East Java cuisine tends to be sweeter than that of Central and West Java.

Rujak Cingur, traditional dish from East Java.

External links

• East Java travel guide from Wikivoyage
• (Indonesian) Official website