/**
 * @author       Stefan Hedman <schteppe@gmail.com> (http://steffe.se)
 * @license      {@link https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT|MIT License}
 */

//  v0.3.0

module.exports = {
    decomp: polygonDecomp,
    quickDecomp: polygonQuickDecomp,
    isSimple: polygonIsSimple,
    removeCollinearPoints: polygonRemoveCollinearPoints,
    removeDuplicatePoints: polygonRemoveDuplicatePoints,
    makeCCW: polygonMakeCCW
};

/**
 * Compute the intersection between two lines.
 * @static
 * @method lineInt
 * @param  {Array}  l1          Line vector 1
 * @param  {Array}  l2          Line vector 2
 * @param  {Number} precision   Precision to use when checking if the lines are parallel
 * @return {Array}              The intersection point.
 */
function lineInt(l1,l2,precision){
    precision = precision || 0;
    var i = [0,0]; // point
    var a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2, det; // scalars
    a1 = l1[1][1] - l1[0][1];
    b1 = l1[0][0] - l1[1][0];
    c1 = a1 * l1[0][0] + b1 * l1[0][1];
    a2 = l2[1][1] - l2[0][1];
    b2 = l2[0][0] - l2[1][0];
    c2 = a2 * l2[0][0] + b2 * l2[0][1];
    det = a1 * b2 - a2*b1;
    if (!scalar_eq(det, 0, precision)) { // lines are not parallel
        i[0] = (b2 * c1 - b1 * c2) / det;
        i[1] = (a1 * c2 - a2 * c1) / det;
    }
    return i;
}

/**
 * Checks if two line segments intersects.
 * @method segmentsIntersect
 * @param {Array} p1 The start vertex of the first line segment.
 * @param {Array} p2 The end vertex of the first line segment.
 * @param {Array} q1 The start vertex of the second line segment.
 * @param {Array} q2 The end vertex of the second line segment.
 * @return {Boolean} True if the two line segments intersect
 */
function lineSegmentsIntersect(p1, p2, q1, q2){
	var dx = p2[0] - p1[0];
	var dy = p2[1] - p1[1];
	var da = q2[0] - q1[0];
	var db = q2[1] - q1[1];

	// segments are parallel
	if((da*dy - db*dx) === 0){
		return false;
	}

	var s = (dx * (q1[1] - p1[1]) + dy * (p1[0] - q1[0])) / (da * dy - db * dx);
	var t = (da * (p1[1] - q1[1]) + db * (q1[0] - p1[0])) / (db * dx - da * dy);

	return (s>=0 && s<=1 && t>=0 && t<=1);
}

/**
 * Get the area of a triangle spanned by the three given points. Note that the area will be negative if the points are not given in counter-clockwise order.
 * @static
 * @method area
 * @param  {Array} a
 * @param  {Array} b
 * @param  {Array} c
 * @return {Number}
 */
function triangleArea(a,b,c){
    return (((b[0] - a[0])*(c[1] - a[1]))-((c[0] - a[0])*(b[1] - a[1])));
}

function isLeft(a,b,c){
    return triangleArea(a,b,c) > 0;
}

function isLeftOn(a,b,c) {
    return triangleArea(a, b, c) >= 0;
}

function isRight(a,b,c) {
    return triangleArea(a, b, c) < 0;
}

function isRightOn(a,b,c) {
    return triangleArea(a, b, c) <= 0;
}

var tmpPoint1 = [],
    tmpPoint2 = [];

/**
 * Check if three points are collinear
 * @method collinear
 * @param  {Array} a
 * @param  {Array} b
 * @param  {Array} c
 * @param  {Number} [thresholdAngle=0] Threshold angle to use when comparing the vectors. The function will return true if the angle between the resulting vectors is less than this value. Use zero for max precision.
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
function collinear(a,b,c,thresholdAngle) {
    if(!thresholdAngle){
        return triangleArea(a, b, c) === 0;
    } else {
        var ab = tmpPoint1,
            bc = tmpPoint2;

        ab[0] = b[0]-a[0];
        ab[1] = b[1]-a[1];
        bc[0] = c[0]-b[0];
        bc[1] = c[1]-b[1];

        var dot = ab[0]*bc[0] + ab[1]*bc[1],
            magA = Math.sqrt(ab[0]*ab[0] + ab[1]*ab[1]),
            magB = Math.sqrt(bc[0]*bc[0] + bc[1]*bc[1]),
            angle = Math.acos(dot/(magA*magB));
        return angle < thresholdAngle;
    }
}

function sqdist(a,b){
    var dx = b[0] - a[0];
    var dy = b[1] - a[1];
    return dx * dx + dy * dy;
}

/**
 * Get a vertex at position i. It does not matter if i is out of bounds, this function will just cycle.
 * @method at
 * @param  {Number} i
 * @return {Array}
 */
function polygonAt(polygon, i){
    var s = polygon.length;
    return polygon[i < 0 ? i % s + s : i % s];
}

/**
 * Clear the polygon data
 * @method clear
 * @return {Array}
 */
function polygonClear(polygon){
    polygon.length = 0;
}

/**
 * Append points "from" to "to"-1 from an other polygon "poly" onto this one.
 * @method append
 * @param {Polygon} poly The polygon to get points from.
 * @param {Number}  from The vertex index in "poly".
 * @param {Number}  to The end vertex index in "poly". Note that this vertex is NOT included when appending.
 * @return {Array}
 */
function polygonAppend(polygon, poly, from, to){
    for(var i=from; i<to; i++){
        polygon.push(poly[i]);
    }
}

/**
 * Make sure that the polygon vertices are ordered counter-clockwise.
 * @method makeCCW
 */
function polygonMakeCCW(polygon){
    var br = 0,
        v = polygon;

    // find bottom right point
    for (var i = 1; i < polygon.length; ++i) {
        if (v[i][1] < v[br][1] || (v[i][1] === v[br][1] && v[i][0] > v[br][0])) {
            br = i;
        }
    }

    // reverse poly if clockwise
    if (!isLeft(polygonAt(polygon, br - 1), polygonAt(polygon, br), polygonAt(polygon, br + 1))) {
        polygonReverse(polygon);
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * Reverse the vertices in the polygon
 * @method reverse
 */
function polygonReverse(polygon){
    var tmp = [];
    var N = polygon.length;
    for(var i=0; i!==N; i++){
        tmp.push(polygon.pop());
    }
    for(var i=0; i!==N; i++){
		polygon[i] = tmp[i];
    }
}

/**
 * Check if a point in the polygon is a reflex point
 * @method isReflex
 * @param  {Number}  i
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
function polygonIsReflex(polygon, i){
    return isRight(polygonAt(polygon, i - 1), polygonAt(polygon, i), polygonAt(polygon, i + 1));
}

var tmpLine1=[],
    tmpLine2=[];

/**
 * Check if two vertices in the polygon can see each other
 * @method canSee
 * @param  {Number} a Vertex index 1
 * @param  {Number} b Vertex index 2
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
function polygonCanSee(polygon, a,b) {
    var p, dist, l1=tmpLine1, l2=tmpLine2;

    if (isLeftOn(polygonAt(polygon, a + 1), polygonAt(polygon, a), polygonAt(polygon, b)) && isRightOn(polygonAt(polygon, a - 1), polygonAt(polygon, a), polygonAt(polygon, b))) {
        return false;
    }
    dist = sqdist(polygonAt(polygon, a), polygonAt(polygon, b));
    for (var i = 0; i !== polygon.length; ++i) { // for each edge
        if ((i + 1) % polygon.length === a || i === a){ // ignore incident edges
            continue;
        }
        if (isLeftOn(polygonAt(polygon, a), polygonAt(polygon, b), polygonAt(polygon, i + 1)) && isRightOn(polygonAt(polygon, a), polygonAt(polygon, b), polygonAt(polygon, i))) { // if diag intersects an edge
            l1[0] = polygonAt(polygon, a);
            l1[1] = polygonAt(polygon, b);
            l2[0] = polygonAt(polygon, i);
            l2[1] = polygonAt(polygon, i + 1);
            p = lineInt(l1,l2);
            if (sqdist(polygonAt(polygon, a), p) < dist) { // if edge is blocking visibility to b
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}

/**
 * Check if two vertices in the polygon can see each other
 * @method canSee2
 * @param  {Number} a Vertex index 1
 * @param  {Number} b Vertex index 2
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
function polygonCanSee2(polygon, a,b) {
    // for each edge
    for (var i = 0; i !== polygon.length; ++i) {
        // ignore incident edges
        if (i === a || i === b || (i + 1) % polygon.length === a || (i + 1) % polygon.length === b){
            continue;
        }
        if( lineSegmentsIntersect(polygonAt(polygon, a), polygonAt(polygon, b), polygonAt(polygon, i), polygonAt(polygon, i+1)) ){
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

/**
 * Copy the polygon from vertex i to vertex j.
 * @method copy
 * @param  {Number} i
 * @param  {Number} j
 * @param  {Polygon} [targetPoly]   Optional target polygon to save in.
 * @return {Polygon}                The resulting copy.
 */
function polygonCopy(polygon, i,j,targetPoly){
    var p = targetPoly || [];
    polygonClear(p);
    if (i < j) {
        // Insert all vertices from i to j
        for(var k=i; k<=j; k++){
            p.push(polygon[k]);
        }

    } else {

        // Insert vertices 0 to j
        for(var k=0; k<=j; k++){
            p.push(polygon[k]);
        }

        // Insert vertices i to end
        for(var k=i; k<polygon.length; k++){
            p.push(polygon[k]);
        }
    }

    return p;
}

/**
 * Decomposes the polygon into convex pieces. Returns a list of edges [[p1,p2],[p2,p3],...] that cuts the polygon.
 * Note that this algorithm has complexity O(N^4) and will be very slow for polygons with many vertices.
 * @method getCutEdges
 * @return {Array}
 */
function polygonGetCutEdges(polygon) {
    var min=[], tmp1=[], tmp2=[], tmpPoly = [];
    var nDiags = Number.MAX_VALUE;

    for (var i = 0; i < polygon.length; ++i) {
        if (polygonIsReflex(polygon, i)) {
            for (var j = 0; j < polygon.length; ++j) {
                if (polygonCanSee(polygon, i, j)) {
                    tmp1 = polygonGetCutEdges(polygonCopy(polygon, i, j, tmpPoly));
                    tmp2 = polygonGetCutEdges(polygonCopy(polygon, j, i, tmpPoly));

                    for(var k=0; k<tmp2.length; k++){
                        tmp1.push(tmp2[k]);
                    }

                    if (tmp1.length < nDiags) {
                        min = tmp1;
                        nDiags = tmp1.length;
                        min.push([polygonAt(polygon, i), polygonAt(polygon, j)]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return min;
}

/**
 * Decomposes the polygon into one or more convex sub-Polygons.
 * @method decomp
 * @return {Array} An array or Polygon objects.
 */
function polygonDecomp(polygon){
    var edges = polygonGetCutEdges(polygon);
    if(edges.length > 0){
        return polygonSlice(polygon, edges);
    } else {
        return [polygon];
    }
}

/**
 * Slices the polygon given one or more cut edges. If given one, this function will return two polygons (false on failure). If many, an array of polygons.
 * @method slice
 * @param {Array} cutEdges A list of edges, as returned by .getCutEdges()
 * @return {Array}
 */
function polygonSlice(polygon, cutEdges){
    if(cutEdges.length === 0){
		return [polygon];
    }
    if(cutEdges instanceof Array && cutEdges.length && cutEdges[0] instanceof Array && cutEdges[0].length===2 && cutEdges[0][0] instanceof Array){

        var polys = [polygon];

        for(var i=0; i<cutEdges.length; i++){
            var cutEdge = cutEdges[i];
            // Cut all polys
            for(var j=0; j<polys.length; j++){
                var poly = polys[j];
                var result = polygonSlice(poly, cutEdge);
                if(result){
                    // Found poly! Cut and quit
                    polys.splice(j,1);
                    polys.push(result[0],result[1]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return polys;
    } else {

        // Was given one edge
        var cutEdge = cutEdges;
        var i = polygon.indexOf(cutEdge[0]);
        var j = polygon.indexOf(cutEdge[1]);

        if(i !== -1 && j !== -1){
            return [polygonCopy(polygon, i,j),
                    polygonCopy(polygon, j,i)];
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Checks that the line segments of this polygon do not intersect each other.
 * @method isSimple
 * @param  {Array} path An array of vertices e.g. [[0,0],[0,1],...]
 * @return {Boolean}
 * @todo Should it check all segments with all others?
 */
function polygonIsSimple(polygon){
    var path = polygon, i;
    // Check
    for(i=0; i<path.length-1; i++){
        for(var j=0; j<i-1; j++){
            if(lineSegmentsIntersect(path[i], path[i+1], path[j], path[j+1] )){
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    // Check the segment between the last and the first point to all others
    for(i=1; i<path.length-2; i++){
        if(lineSegmentsIntersect(path[0], path[path.length-1], path[i], path[i+1] )){
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

function getIntersectionPoint(p1, p2, q1, q2, delta){
	delta = delta || 0;
	var a1 = p2[1] - p1[1];
	var b1 = p1[0] - p2[0];
	var c1 = (a1 * p1[0]) + (b1 * p1[1]);
	var a2 = q2[1] - q1[1];
	var b2 = q1[0] - q2[0];
	var c2 = (a2 * q1[0]) + (b2 * q1[1]);
	var det = (a1 * b2) - (a2 * b1);

	if(!scalar_eq(det,0,delta)){
		return [((b2 * c1) - (b1 * c2)) / det, ((a1 * c2) - (a2 * c1)) / det];
	} else {
		return [0,0];
    }
}

/**
 * Quickly decompose the Polygon into convex sub-polygons.
 * @method quickDecomp
 * @param  {Array} result
 * @param  {Array} [reflexVertices]
 * @param  {Array} [steinerPoints]
 * @param  {Number} [delta]
 * @param  {Number} [maxlevel]
 * @param  {Number} [level]
 * @return {Array}
 */
function polygonQuickDecomp(polygon, result,reflexVertices,steinerPoints,delta,maxlevel,level){
    maxlevel = maxlevel || 100;
    level = level || 0;
    delta = delta || 25;
    result = typeof(result)!=="undefined" ? result : [];
    reflexVertices = reflexVertices || [];
    steinerPoints = steinerPoints || [];

    var upperInt=[0,0], lowerInt=[0,0], p=[0,0]; // Points
    var upperDist=0, lowerDist=0, d=0, closestDist=0; // scalars
    var upperIndex=0, lowerIndex=0, closestIndex=0; // Integers
    var lowerPoly=[], upperPoly=[]; // polygons
    var poly = polygon,
        v = polygon;

    if(v.length < 3){
		return result;
    }

    level++;
    if(level > maxlevel){
        console.warn("quickDecomp: max level ("+maxlevel+") reached.");
        return result;
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < polygon.length; ++i) {
        if (polygonIsReflex(poly, i)) {
            reflexVertices.push(poly[i]);
            upperDist = lowerDist = Number.MAX_VALUE;


            for (var j = 0; j < polygon.length; ++j) {
                if (isLeft(polygonAt(poly, i - 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j)) && isRightOn(polygonAt(poly, i - 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j - 1))) { // if line intersects with an edge
                    p = getIntersectionPoint(polygonAt(poly, i - 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j), polygonAt(poly, j - 1)); // find the point of intersection
                    if (isRight(polygonAt(poly, i + 1), polygonAt(poly, i), p)) { // make sure it's inside the poly
                        d = sqdist(poly[i], p);
                        if (d < lowerDist) { // keep only the closest intersection
                            lowerDist = d;
                            lowerInt = p;
                            lowerIndex = j;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (isLeft(polygonAt(poly, i + 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j + 1)) && isRightOn(polygonAt(poly, i + 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j))) {
                    p = getIntersectionPoint(polygonAt(poly, i + 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j), polygonAt(poly, j + 1));
                    if (isLeft(polygonAt(poly, i - 1), polygonAt(poly, i), p)) {
                        d = sqdist(poly[i], p);
                        if (d < upperDist) {
                            upperDist = d;
                            upperInt = p;
                            upperIndex = j;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // if there are no vertices to connect to, choose a point in the middle
            if (lowerIndex === (upperIndex + 1) % polygon.length) {
                //console.log("Case 1: Vertex("+i+"), lowerIndex("+lowerIndex+"), upperIndex("+upperIndex+"), poly.size("+polygon.length+")");
                p[0] = (lowerInt[0] + upperInt[0]) / 2;
                p[1] = (lowerInt[1] + upperInt[1]) / 2;
                steinerPoints.push(p);

                if (i < upperIndex) {
                    //lowerPoly.insert(lowerPoly.end(), poly.begin() + i, poly.begin() + upperIndex + 1);
                    polygonAppend(lowerPoly, poly, i, upperIndex+1);
                    lowerPoly.push(p);
                    upperPoly.push(p);
                    if (lowerIndex !== 0){
                        //upperPoly.insert(upperPoly.end(), poly.begin() + lowerIndex, poly.end());
                        polygonAppend(upperPoly, poly,lowerIndex,poly.length);
                    }
                    //upperPoly.insert(upperPoly.end(), poly.begin(), poly.begin() + i + 1);
                    polygonAppend(upperPoly, poly,0,i+1);
                } else {
                    if (i !== 0){
                        //lowerPoly.insert(lowerPoly.end(), poly.begin() + i, poly.end());
                        polygonAppend(lowerPoly, poly,i,poly.length);
                    }
                    //lowerPoly.insert(lowerPoly.end(), poly.begin(), poly.begin() + upperIndex + 1);
                    polygonAppend(lowerPoly, poly,0,upperIndex+1);
                    lowerPoly.push(p);
                    upperPoly.push(p);
                    //upperPoly.insert(upperPoly.end(), poly.begin() + lowerIndex, poly.begin() + i + 1);
                    polygonAppend(upperPoly, poly,lowerIndex,i+1);
                }
            } else {
                // connect to the closest point within the triangle
                //console.log("Case 2: Vertex("+i+"), closestIndex("+closestIndex+"), poly.size("+polygon.length+")\n");

                if (lowerIndex > upperIndex) {
                    upperIndex += polygon.length;
                }
                closestDist = Number.MAX_VALUE;

                if(upperIndex < lowerIndex){
                    return result;
                }

                for (var j = lowerIndex; j <= upperIndex; ++j) {
                    if (
                        isLeftOn(polygonAt(poly, i - 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j)) &&
                        isRightOn(polygonAt(poly, i + 1), polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j))
                    ) {
                        d = sqdist(polygonAt(poly, i), polygonAt(poly, j));
                        if (d < closestDist && polygonCanSee2(poly, i, j)) {
                            closestDist = d;
                            closestIndex = j % polygon.length;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (i < closestIndex) {
                    polygonAppend(lowerPoly, poly,i,closestIndex+1);
                    if (closestIndex !== 0){
                        polygonAppend(upperPoly, poly,closestIndex,v.length);
                    }
                    polygonAppend(upperPoly, poly,0,i+1);
                } else {
                    if (i !== 0){
                        polygonAppend(lowerPoly, poly,i,v.length);
                    }
                    polygonAppend(lowerPoly, poly,0,closestIndex+1);
                    polygonAppend(upperPoly, poly,closestIndex,i+1);
                }
            }

            // solve smallest poly first
            if (lowerPoly.length < upperPoly.length) {
                polygonQuickDecomp(lowerPoly,result,reflexVertices,steinerPoints,delta,maxlevel,level);
                polygonQuickDecomp(upperPoly,result,reflexVertices,steinerPoints,delta,maxlevel,level);
            } else {
                polygonQuickDecomp(upperPoly,result,reflexVertices,steinerPoints,delta,maxlevel,level);
                polygonQuickDecomp(lowerPoly,result,reflexVertices,steinerPoints,delta,maxlevel,level);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
    result.push(polygon);

    return result;
}

/**
 * Remove collinear points in the polygon.
 * @method removeCollinearPoints
 * @param  {Number} [precision] The threshold angle to use when determining whether two edges are collinear. Use zero for finest precision.
 * @return {Number}           The number of points removed
 */
function polygonRemoveCollinearPoints(polygon, precision){
    var num = 0;
    for(var i=polygon.length-1; polygon.length>3 && i>=0; --i){
        if(collinear(polygonAt(polygon, i-1),polygonAt(polygon, i),polygonAt(polygon, i+1),precision)){
            // Remove the middle point
            polygon.splice(i%polygon.length,1);
            num++;
        }
    }
    return num;
}

/**
 * Remove duplicate points in the polygon.
 * @method removeDuplicatePoints
 * @param  {Number} [precision] The threshold to use when determining whether two points are the same. Use zero for best precision.
 */
function polygonRemoveDuplicatePoints(polygon, precision){
    for(var i=polygon.length-1; i>=1; --i){
        var pi = polygon[i];
        for(var j=i-1; j>=0; --j){
            if(points_eq(pi, polygon[j], precision)){
                polygon.splice(i,1);
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Check if two scalars are equal
 * @static
 * @method eq
 * @param  {Number} a
 * @param  {Number} b
 * @param  {Number} [precision]
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
function scalar_eq(a,b,precision){
    precision = precision || 0;
    return Math.abs(a-b) <= precision;
}

/**
 * Check if two points are equal
 * @static
 * @method points_eq
 * @param  {Array} a
 * @param  {Array} b
 * @param  {Number} [precision]
 * @return {Boolean}
 */
function points_eq(a,b,precision){
    return scalar_eq(a[0],b[0],precision) && scalar_eq(a[1],b[1],precision);
}
